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PEPFAR - Countries

U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
The success of PEPFAR is firmly rooted in a commitment to results. Through partnerships between the American people and the people of the 20 focus countries, PEPFAR is helping to build sustainable systems and empowering individuals, communities, and nations to battle HIV/AIDS.

• Globally, PEPFAR supported life-saving antiretroviral treatment for approximately 2.1 million men, women and children through September 30, 2008.
• PEPFAR was launched, experts estimated that only 50,000 people in sub-Saharan Africa (the region which has been most affected by the epidemic) were receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS.

PEPFAR Country Profiles

Botswana
Botswana is experiencing one of the most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world. The national HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15-49 is 23.9%—among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cambodia
HIV prevalence in Cambodia is among the highest in Asia. A low prevalence rate in the general population masks far higher prevalence rates in certain sub-populations, such as injecting drug users, people in prostitution, men who have sex with men, karaoke hostesses and beer girls, and mobile and migrant populations.

Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire has a generalized HIV epidemic with an estimated prevalence rate of 3.9% in adults aged 15-49. The prevalence rate appears to have remained relatively stable for the past decade, with recent declines among pregnant women in urban areas.

Ethiopia
Ethiopia faces a mixed epidemic among subpopulations and geographic areas, with an estimated overall HIV prevalence between 0.9% and 2.1% among adults aged 15-49. Prevalence rates among pregnant women are trending down.

Guyana
In 2007, the national HIV prevalence rate in Guyana among adults aged 15-49 was estimated at 2.5%. Guyana has very high HIV prevalence rates among female sex workers (26.6) and urban men who have sex with men (21.3).

Haiti
Haiti is the Caribbean country most affected by HIV/AIDS. The epidemic is generalized and fueled by endemic poverty and high illiteracy rates. By the end of 2007, the national HIV prevalence among adults aged 15-49 was 2.2%.

India
Approximately 2.5 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in India in 2007, with the overall adult prevalence rate estimated at 0.3%. The epidemic in India is considered to be a concentrated epidemic, with an estimated 1.63 million infections among high-risk groups.

Kenya
Kenya has a severe, generalized HIV epidemic, but the country has experienced a recent, notable decline in HIV prevalence, attributed in part to significant behavioral changes and increased access to antiretroviral therapies. National adult HIV prevalence is estimated to have fallen from 10% in the late 1990s to about 4.9% in 2007.

Malawi
In 2007, approximately 11.9% of the adult population aged 15-49 in Malawi was living with HIV/AIDS. The epidemic has exacerbated problems with food security, human resource capacity, and national defense. In Malawi, women are disproportionately affected by the epidemic. In 2007, approximately 490,000 women aged 15 years and older were living with HIV/AIDS.

Mozambique
Mozambique is facing a severe, generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic, but the impact is not uniformly distributed. In 2007, the prevalence of HIV infection among adults aged 15-49 was estimated to be 12.5%. Young women aged 15-24 have an estimated HIV prevalence of 10.7%, compared to a prevalence rate of 3.6% among young men in the same age group.

Namibia
Namibia has an HIV prevalence rate of 15.3% in adults aged 15-49 and shows signs of HIV epidemic stabilization. It is estimated that AIDS accounts for at least 50% of deaths among individuals aged 15-49.

Nigeria
In Nigeria, the HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15-49 is 3.1%. Youth and young adults in Nigeria are particularly vulnerable to HIV, with young women at higher risk than young men.

Russia
Over the past decade, Russia has experienced one of the fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world. UNAIDS estimates that approximately 1.1% of Russia’s adult population aged 15-49 was living with HIV/AIDS in 2007. HIV/AIDS in Russia is transmitted primarily through injecting drug use, and, increasingly, by male injecting drug users to their sexual partners.

Rwanda
Rwanda faces a generalized epidemic, with an HIV prevalence rate of 2.8% among adults aged 15-49. Young women aged 15-24 are twice as likely to be infected with HIV as young men in the same age group.

South Africa
South Africa’s AIDS epidemic is among the worst in the world, with an HIV prevalence rate of 18.1% among adults aged 15-49. HIV prevalence has not yet reached a plateau, and is still increasing among certain population groups.

Tanzania
Tanzania faces a mature, generalized HIV epidemic. In 2007, the HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15-49 was estimated at 6.2%. Like other countries in East Africa, the epidemic in Tanzania has remained stable in recent years, but there has been a recent increase in HIV prevalence among older age groups.

Uganda
In 2007, the national HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15-49 was estimated at 5.4%. Transmission occurs mainly through heterosexual contact (75-80% of cases), while mother-to-child HIV transmission accounts for 15%-25% of new infections.

Vietnam
Vietnam faces an HIV epidemic that is concentrated among injection drug users. HIV prevalence among drug users was estimated to be 32% in 2003. Another study in 2005 estimated HIV prevalence rates of 1.6% among all people in prostitution, compared to 33% in people in prostitution who also use injecting drugs.

Zambia
Zambia is experiencing a generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic, with a national HIV prevalence rate of 15.2% among adults aged 15-49. In general, young women aged 25-34 are at much higher risk of being infected with HIV than young men in the same age group. The prevalence rates by sex are 12.7% and 3.8%, respectively.

Zimbabwe
Approximately 1.3 million adults aged 15 years and older were living with HIV/AIDS in 2007. Despite the severity of the epidemic, prevalence rates in Zimbabwe have begun to show signs of decline, from 26% prevalence among adults aged 15-49 in 2001 to 15.3% prevalence in the same age group in 2007.